Author's name, publication date, and pages are included as illustrated: Citation Variationĭirect quotation with author’s name as part of the narrativeĪccording to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. Direct quotes are set off by quotation marks within the text. When you paraphrase or directly quote a work in your paper, APA format requires the use of in-text citations. Titles of books and journals are italicized.The first letter of names and proper nouns are also capitalized. Capitalize the first letter of the first words of the titles and subtitles of books, journals, chapters, and articles.Authors' first and middle names are not spelled out in APA Style. Author names are presented using the last name followed by the initials of the first and middle names.
These general rules apply to APA formatted notes and bibliographies: Formatting APA Notes and Bibliographies.In addition to rules regarding the formatting of citations, the APA style also provides guidelines for grammar, punctuation, page layout, and bias-free language.
The APA (American Psychological Association) citation style is used by many disciplines including the sciences, psychology, and education.
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